viewpoint-east.org

SRs Konflikt om Ukrainas vacklande

Category: by sophie engström, EU, ukraina
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(Läsningstid: 2 minuter)

Dagens Konflikt behandlade ett så ovanligt ämne i svensk media som Ukraina. Programmet utgick från den eviga fråga, om Ukraina är en del av Centraleuropa eller den ryska hemisfären. För någon som bor i Lviv är frågan konstig. Detta är Centraleuropa och det finns knappast någon här som tvivlar på vad som är bäst för Ukraina. Men i de östra och södra delarna är svaret kanske inte lika självklart. Denna, en av de eviga frågorna i Ukraina, är mycket svår att ta beslut i och landets makthavare vacklar. Frågan är av stor historisk betydelse för om man vänder EU ryggen nu dröjer det länge innan frågan om samarbete ställs till Ukraina igen.

Det bästa Carl Bildt har gjort som utrikesminister är att initiera detta samarbete mellan EU och våra grannar i öster. För precis som Bildt säger, de är också våra grannar och det kan aldrig vara så att det endast är Rysslands (inrikespolitiska?) angelägenhet. Dessutom bör man påminna de minnessvaga att det var många som inte trodde på de baltiska länderna och Polen som en del av EU. Idag är det väl få som tvivlar på deras viktiga del av gemenskapen.

doroshenka

För Ukrainas del handlar det om att försöka bevara de mänskliga rättigheter och yttrandefrihet som ändå slagit rot i detta samhälle. Utan stöd från dess västliga grannar kan det bli svårt. Trycket från Ryssland är tufft och när det gäller mänskliga rättigheter är de inte bäst i klassen. Det handlar också om att försöka ge invånarna ett drägligt liv utan galopperande korruption. Ge dem högre löner, bättre infrastruktur, skickligare sjukvård etc etc. Det är troligare att Ukraina kan nå dit med hjälp av EU än med hjälp av Ryssland.

Det är dock synd att EU låst sig till att få tillstånd detta viktiga avtal med Ukraina till att handla om Julia Tymosjenko. För det första är Tymosjenko knappast någon garant för ett mer demokratiskt Ukraina och för det andra är det lättare att påverka Ukraina i rätt riktning mot mänskliga rättigheter när landet verkligen skrivit under avtalet. Min önskan är att EU skippar frågan om Tymosjenko nu och tar den när avtalet är undertecknat.

Att vara, eller inte vara med i EU…

Category: by sophie engström, EU, photo by prallin, poland, ukraina, ukraine
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(Läsningstid: 3 minuter)

… är en fråga som visserligen bara några få ukrainare brottas med. För det finns nog nästan inte någon som tror att Ukraina verkligen vill, eller kan, bli en del av den EU-gemenskapen. Men härrom veckan fick jag ändå anledning att fundera över denna fråga, när jag hade en kortsemester i underbara Krakow. När man åker tåg från den ukrainska gränsen till Krakow slås man av den enorma skillnaden i levnadsförhållanden som till och med syns genom ett tågfönster. Polen verkligen exploderar av infrastrukturprojekt. Infrastruktur är en god markör för välfärd. Längs hela sträckan från ukrainska gränsen till Krakow byggs det t.ex. dubbelspår och stationerna renoveras. En nybyggd motorväg syns också genom fönstret. När man sedan stiger av tåget ser man även att landet har många synliga sociala projekt och till och med fler än jag ens ser i Sverige. Det är inte utan viss förvåning jag ser hur bra Polen mår av vara en del av den byråkratiska jättekolossen EU.

Jag vill påpeka att jag är egentligen inte är någon ensidig EU-förespråkare, men i en jämförelse med Polens östra granne, kan jag bara undra om det kanske är så att länder med behov av stor samhällelig upprustning faktiskt kan tjäna stort på att gå med i EU.

krakow3

Sedan Polen blivit ett EU-land har landet lyckats få bättre placeringar på Transparency Internationals lista över korruption. Som ett exempel kan man ta att bara sedan 2009 har Polen gått från plats 49 till 41 år 2012. Det är helt OK placering, men klart att den kan bli bättre. Men hur ser det ut för andra EU-länder? Polen ligger klart bättre till än Italien (72), Slovakien (62) eller Tjeckien (54). Ukraina däremot har, under samma period, gjort kräftgång på listan och befinner sig just på på plats 144 av 174 platser.

krakow2

Många pekar på att Ukraina står i ett vägskäl, mellan att närma sig EU eller den tullunion Ryssland leder. För en region som Lviv skulle det vara katastrofalt om Ukraina närmade sig Ryssland. Regionen lever på de myrstigar av handel och kontakter som går mellan Polen och Ukraina. Samtidigt är det så att Ukraina måste börja arbeta med sin utbredda korruption om man närmar sig EU. Och det är inte så enkelt. Det är nämligen de som sitter på makten som samtidigt är de som tjänar på korruptionen.

Men att närma sig Ryssland är inte heller helt problemfritt. Jätten i öster har nämligen problem. Ryssland största problem är inte demokratin utan just korruption. Det är korruptionen som upprör medborgarna mer än demokratiproblem och de leder dessutom till att de svagaste i samhället drabbas. (Lyssna på Johanna Melins reportage från Noginsk i Ryssland).

Så frågan om Ukrainas vägval är knappast så enkel som det ofta sägs. Och ingen av alternativen verkar helt bra. Från mitt perspektiv vore det faktiskt bäst om Ukraina slapp välja. Jag skulle önska att det fanns möjlighet att samarbeta och utvecklas med Polen. Att få ta del av polackernas nyvunna självförtroende och vägledning hur man tyglar korruptionen. Kanske vore Polen en bättre och mer realistisk inspirationskälla än flera av de övriga länderna inom EU.

EU and UK visa policy towards Ukrainians – ‘go back to Russia!’ (?)

Category: by Jonathan Hibberd, EU, guests, ukraine
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(Läsningstid: 3 minuter)

The shameful treatment of Ukrainians by the Schengen and UK visa systems continues to hit new heights, with at least two more atrocious stories emerging this week.

The UK’s Independent highlighted the rejections of visas for Ukrainian children who were due to spend a month away from the vicinity of Chernobyl. Whether these trips are healthwise still strictly necessary is open to question, but the point is that these summer trips have gone on for years without any problems. In just one example, only 7 out of 17 children due to spend part of the summer on the Isle of Wight were permitted to travel and, to make matters worse, they were in some cases informed only the night before travelling, with suitcases packed, that they would not be making the trip. The UK Border Agency tried to blame it on unsuitable host families in the UK, but the claims seem to be spurious.

Chernobyl/Pripyat Exclusion Zone (083.8244)
Photo from Chernobyl by Pedro Moura Pinheiro.

Another case highlighted this week was of two PhD students bound for Italy who had their student visas rejected. There is an exhaustive list of similar cases, including the Ukrainian dance troupe which protested against their UK visa rejections by performing outside the British Embassy in Kiev. A folk festival in Bellingham had been deprived of the same pleasure. A recent article in the Kyiv Post highlighted an unfortunate Ukrainian student’s extended stay in the departure lounge of Paris Charles de Gaulle airport due to the Icelandic volcano. The fact that he had friends in nearby Paris and was on a US student visa cut no ice with the French authorities despite clear evidence in favour of the applicant. Another case brought to my attention by my father was a group of Ukrainian steam train operators which was prevented from attending a gathering of railway preservationist organisations in Hungary. The gathering was part of the process of trying to bring Ukrainians round to creating the kind of railway preservation projects which have grown tourism in myriad places across the continent. Such developments are fairly alien in somewhere like Ukraine, but these are good examples of how visa rejections will serve to reinforce the status quo.

One not to be ignored result of this policy is the stress that it has caused to EU citizens in each case. With cases of a more personal nature this stress is amplified. In such cases the inviting party is treated as irrelevant to the matter in hand or even worse, de facto made out to be liars. These rejections are damaging business, cultural, educational, family and personal contacts of EU citizens. Don’t we have rights too?

With the common thread here seeming to be the apparently arbitrary nature of many visa rejections, does it smack of conspiracy theories to begin to question whether there is a more sinister motive at work here? Are the EU and UK in fact telling Ukrainians in fairly blunt terms to ‘go back to Russia’? The line has been drawn and, sorry, you’re on the Moscow side. If this is not the message they wish to give out, they’re not doing a very good job!

This was previously published at Chicken in Kiev.

Jonathan Hibberd recently completed post-graduate studies at Sussex European Institute, University of Sussex in the UK and has carried out research into questions of Ukraine’s European integration and the country’s relationship with NATO. He currently works with the British Council in Kiev.

Simple-minded portrait of Ukraine

Category: by sophie engström, EU, NGO, ukraine
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(Läsningstid: 2 minuter)

It is intrigues to note how international media is covering the aftermath of the Ukrainian Presidential election. I am not considering the political battle, or the long and protracted death struggle by Tymoshenko, but actually how international media looks upon the result. First of all, it seems to me that many journalist in “old media” (to use a concept from the Swedish Pirate movement) seems to have a predilection to depict Ukrainian voters as a hopeless passive group, like silent masses that never would be able to protest against possible violations against human rights or freedoms of speech. In most articles the voters does not even exists! (One example from the leading Swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter.) It seems to me that many international journalists actually nurse the idea that the orange revolution was created by some kind of misstake. NOT as a protest against something that the Ukrainian voters actually felt humiliated by. This rather retarded interpretation of the situation actually leads to that many journalists seems to think that it is EU that must “save” Ukraine from itself. I would say that Timothy Garton Ash in guardian.co.uk actually nurse this particular perspective.

From his perspective it is important that Europe (which seems to be the same thing as EU for Ash) somehow secure the Ukrainian freedom. In one respect I must give him right, it is really important that EU understands the importance in having good relationship with Ukraine, and it is also important for EU to try to work faster and less obsessed by bureaucracy. But when he diminishes Ukraine to be only its politicians, I am wondering if he actually has understood what has happen during the past five years.

What we have been witnessing during this election is a triumph for democracy, and I am not sure that we should thank EU for that! I fear however that Ash would have preferred a complete capitalist integration, in that extent that Western interests should control all affairs and political life in Ukraine. Some kind of weird capitalistic interpretation of democracy. I can admit that I am as fond of Ash and trust him as much as I like Anders Åslund, which implies serious skepticism. For me it is just too obvious that the iron wall is really high and thick in their minds!

I, however, believe that democratic movements and freedoms of speech will need help during the next coming years, but I also believe that EU is not necessarily the guarantee that we will keep and develop that! What I am hoping for is grassroots initiatives, actions and connections over our boarders! It was actually grass-root movements that made the orange revolution possible, so let’s hope we together can create the best environment for freedom of speech and human rights in Ukraine.

(UPD: Thank you, Olha Wesnjanka for highlighting the article by Ash.)

Focus Ukraine

Category: 1989, eastern europe, EU, ukraine
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(Läsningstid: 3 minuter)

It is possibly that somebody have noticed that the a current focus at viewpoint-east.org in Ukraine. Actually December and January, and possibly also parts of February, will have focus Ukraine. I dont want the articles to focus only on politics or/and economics, so if you have any ideas, essays, articles etc about Ukraine, that you would like to share, please send me a note or just comment on this entry.

After I wrote the short comment on the Ukraine-EU summit yesterday, I discovered that this issue actually is able to be more debated than I thought. Checking around the web I see that very few have mentioned it at all. The one that have discussed it seems to have been less critical than, at least I, desired. And after a conversations over lunch yesterday with a Swedish project leader working with Georgia, I felt I need to come back a more to this issue.

Just to clarify, I have never had any high thoughts about EUs “commitment” in Ukraine or any other country east of Berlin, actually. But I think possibly EU should learn from some mistakes before and especially by US. After the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989, USA seemed to lack ambition with their eastward connections. As Gross & Steinheer claims in “Economic transition in Central and Eastern Europe: Planting Seeds” (2004) USA had no clear view on how to approach economical changes in Eastern and Central Europe (I hate that concept, but please give me an acceptable idea of what to use instead and I will use that!) which implied that Europe, or consequently EU, won the economic battle. Of course, this is something that could be disputed – against and for Gross & Steinherr conclusion. But we could possibly agree on that EU have an influence over Eastern and Central Europe. Regardless or not of the American influence, because it is perhaps not possible to evaluate how “little” the American influence is in that comparison.

But honestly, this is not what I had in mind to discuss, I just wanted to establish once more that EU actually have an influence, and that the crucial point is not how big the influence are but rather what is the main idea with it.

As I told my “colleague” at lunch yesterday, I am not sure EU know what to do with their Eastern connection and Ukraine. They don’t have an agenda and consequently have to jump from one tree to an other in order to try to avoid and maneuver nervous, pleading questions from Ukrainian leaders. My opposition is that an unaware influence actually can be much more damaging than having an aggressive attitude or even xenophobic and warmongering one. Xenophobic attitudes is easily raised, everywhere, evidently also in Ukraine, as Olya Vesnjanka wrote today at Deutsche Welle.

Conclusions? Well, I am not certain EU ever had any clear ideas about Eastern and Central Europe. I just think they “won” the battle economically once, due to the fact that that USA was even more hesitating and doubtful than EU. But one can call me illusionist ; ) from one perspective, and that is from the point of view that I wish EU to evaluate what the connection and commitment with eastern Europe actually is about! And answer the questions, even if the answers gets nasty and unpleasant (as in “We don’t care about the countries, but we want to suck them dry and have what reamins of their small resources”). And it is possible that this could imply that future cooperation dies. But as I said above, the todays unaware and near-sighted commitment could in the long run be pretty harmful!

Surprised by the Ukraine-EU summit

Category: by sophie engström, EU, ukraina, ukraine
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(Läsningstid: 2 minuter)

I have to admit I was really surprised when I opened my weekly issue of one of the leading newspapers in Sweden this saturday and found a small note about the Ukraine-EU summit. I was not as surprised by the actual agreement. Of course there where no real change in order to improve the relationship between the Ukraine “the EU’s closest cooperation and trade partner”, as the Swedish Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt said, and EU. I think, that even though I am a sceptic, pessimist a real misanthrope in these circumstances, I am probably not alone when say that one of the priority issues during the Swedish Presidency, The Eastern Partnership, is perhaps a real fiasco. It has actually been so little talk about this priority, so I started to imagine that they perhaps had moved it out from the priority list… Anyway, I wonder, really wonder, what the chairman of EU, Mr. Reinfeldt, and Chairman of the European Commission José Manuel Barroso, hopes to achieve when their main focus is to pressure and lecture Ukraine, pointing on that Ukraine’s reforms are too slow or not democratic enough? The only achievement I can see is that they follow wishes from IMF like little doggies? • woof woof •

I am especially worried, because it seems like EU has run out of any creative ideas about how to cooperate with, for instance, Ukraine. And it is possible that this inanity actually affect the relationships in a many negative ways. I can’t say I have any constructive ideas right now on the issue, but I at least do know that even though the EU leaders congrats themselves, the whole agreement is painfully worthless.

Or? Any objections?